This can be achieved by using disciplined delivery times, developing close relationships with a small group of reliable couriers and shipping only what is needed at a particular time, meaning that small lots more frequently using partially full trucks” (Taylor, 2013, p. 6). Problem solving becomes systematic and horizontal, as discussed in the process-oriented section of the previous week (Taylor, 2013). Problem solving becomes preventative rather than reactive. The provision of products and services is value-oriented and customer-focused. Eliminating non-value-added activities and waste improves the quality of products and services. Using a pull system reduces costs due to low inventory, using a JIT methodology (Russell & Taylor, 2011). Continuous improvement should be pursued, improving the quality of products and customer services. In conclusion, “a study of average benefits among U.S. manufacturers over a five-year time frame revealed a 90% reduction in cycle time, a 70% reduction in inventory, a 50% reduction in labor costs and an 80% reduction in space requirements” ( Russell and Taylor, 2011, p. There are many benefits to adopting Lean, and the interest is