When Autrey saw Peter suffer, Autrey also felt pain. For example, Autrey believes that Peter would lose his limbs or even his life if he did not save him. Such depressing and terrifying thoughts and images may have led to Autrey's pain which subsequently generates helping behavior that relieves the pain. Furthermore, Autrey's thought of Peter losing his limbs could simultaneously result in the experience of a more altruistic concern for the victim. For example, the thought of Peter losing his life may have prompted Autrey to imagine Peter's disabled life after losing his limbs. As a result, Autrey helped Peter because Autrey does not want Peter to lead a miserable and disabled life. Furthermore, both personal distress and empathic concern might interact with each other. In other words, personal distress could increase empathic concern and vice versa. In short, the interplay of personal distress and emphatic concern together triggers Autrey's