OSPF Packet Types: The OSPF protocol using the assigned number 89 runs directly over IP. There are five different types of packets used by the protocol.1) Hello: Hello packet is used to locate and maintain neighbors in the area.2) Database Description: Adjacencies are formed using database description packets. Link state announcements are summarized by the router and pass the information, via database description packets, to the adjacent router. 3) Link state query: After exchanging database description packets between the router and its neighbor, the router discovers that link state announcements need to update or complete the topological database. Thereby, sending link state request packets to the neighbor in a request for these link state announcements. 4) Link state update: Link state update packet is used to transmit link state announcements between routers. This could be in response to a link state request packet or to flood a new or latest link state announcement. 5) Link status recognition: The flood of link status announcements...