The Neuman Systems Model applies a comprehensive, holistic approach to patient care based on the five variables. According to Parker and Smith (2010), the Neuman system model is described as “well-being orientation, customer perception and motivation, and a dynamic systems perspective of energy and variable interaction with the environment to mitigate possible harm resulting from internal and external stress” (page 183). The patient/family are the client system and are related to the five variables namely; physiological, psychological, sociocultural, evolutionary and spiritual beliefs. The Neuman system model has been used in several contexts such as critical care nursing, psychiatric nursing, gerontological nursing, and for educational purposes. In the United States, “the model is used to guide practice with clients with acute and chronic health problems” (Parker & Smith, 2010, p. 192). As further explained by Parker and Smith (2010), the client system is the core: a person, individual, or community and the core interact with flexible lines of defense, normal lines of defense, and lines of resistance. The client system is constantly influenced by internal and external stressors. The goal of nurses in applying the Neuman System Model is to “maximize the quality of life experienced, maintaining the highest level of independence possible and preventing exacerbations of ongoing illness” (Ebersole, Hess, Touhy, Jett and Luggen, 2008, page 258). J is a 79-year-old African American client who lives with her husband in a wheelchair accessible home. She has always been a homemaker, enjoying cooking family meals and raising grandchildren. Mrs J is a mother of three with a large family......center of paper......discipline such as social worker, dietician, pastoral care and oxygen supply companies for ensure that all necessary services and resources are available and delivered to Ms. J's home. The length of time the service will be provided is coordinated and appropriate referrals are made to physical and occupational therapist, oxygen administration, meals at home and at visits by home nurses. Information about services and resources for reimbursement and payment to various agencies and insurance companies is coordinated by Mrs. J's case manager. As illustrated, "the nurse case manager accomplishes this goal by arranging rehabilitation and other health services necessary to promote outcomes for the individual that will encourage the highest possible level of independence and quality of life” (Rehabilitation Nursing Foundation, 2010, p.. 1).