After the American Revolution, America had gained its freedom from Great Britain. The Articles of Confederation were created to govern this new country. This document was tainted by colonists' fear of giving too much power to a central government. Knowing that the document needed to be corrected, a constitutional convention was called. The document created in this convention has been our Constitution ever since. But the Constitution has also been the subject of criticism. One of the main concerns when drafting the Constitution was how to protect the rights of citizens. The Constitution did this through the preamble, the legislative process, presidential term limits, the judiciary, and the bill of rights. The Constitution is made up of 3 main parts. The first of which is the preamble. As the Constitution's opening statement, it outlines the goals the American people have for the country. In the preamble, the people are assured that the laws of the land will apply to all and will be fair to all through this line of "establishing justice" (Doc 1). Peace and order in the nation along with the defense of the American people are also promised by the line “ensure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense.” (Document 1). People were also assured of their well-being and liberty as long as they lived within the law, “advancing the general, and securing the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity” (Doc 1). The preamble sets the tone for the rest of the document and declares the document “…Constitution for the United States of America.” (Doc 2) After the preamble, the second part of the Constitution is made up of the seven articles that describe the elements of the Constitution. One of the articles shows the legislative text... in the center of the document... to be added. They believed that if people's rights were not listed they would be violated. Page 66R An example of a right they thought would be violated was stated in Document 5 by Mercy Otis Warren: “There is no security in the system [under the proposed new U.S. Constitution] either for the rights of [people with different ideas] and for freedom of the press." This fear was directly addressed in the First Amendment where the freedoms of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition are protected. Page 46R All of these freedoms are used to express oneself and express different ideas, which means the first amendment prevents the government from suppressing ideas they don't agree with. The Bill of Rights protects many fundamental rights and includes the 9th Amendment which states that rights not listed in the Constitution remain the property of the people.
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