With these two factors, the pyramid selling scheme seems to be under threat, as there is a need for more people to belong to the next generation. Since pensions depend on younger generations to fund them, the level they are required to pay is set by the current number of pensions. In 1990, the ratio of retirees to workers was 1:4, but the projected ratio in 2030 is 2:5. It has been seen that fertility is decreasing due to the fact that the government seems to penalize pregnancy, as the amount of children they have is not taken into consideration. Families who have more children “bear a greater burden of the cost of PAYG pensions” (Juurikkala, 2007), and this effect appears very strong. The combination of these factors will actually create a decline in the working/retired population