The most common vertigo condition is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) (Dispenza & De Stefano 2013, p. 134; Liu 2012, p. 803; Mayo Clinic 2012a), sometimes referred to as benign postural vertigo, positional vertigo or shelf vertigo, as the patient will often feel dizzy when looking up (Better Health Channel 2011; The Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital 2011). Because the disease is benign, often with spontaneous recovery, doctors often avoid referring patients to an otologist (Dispenza & De Stefano 2013, p. 134). BPPV causes brief, but often intense, periods of dizziness when the patient moves the head ( Better Health Channel 2011; Dispenza & De Stefano 2013, p. 134; Mayo Clinic 2012b; The Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital 2011), with attacks which usually last up to thirty seconds (Better Health Channel 2011; Liu 2012, p. 803) . Other symptoms may include nausea and vomiting, blurred vision, and uncontrollable eye movements or flickering, known as nystagmus (Better Health Channel 2011; Mayo Clinic 2012b; The Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital 2011). BPPV affects the vestibular system or the inner ear; particularly the hair cells responsible for detecting head movement. The cause of these symptoms is due to displacement of the otoconia, which moves into one or more semicircular canals within the inner ear (Liu 2012, p. 803; The Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital 2011). Otoconia refers to calcium carbonate crystals that are normally found in the saccule and utricle of the ear and are responsible for stimulating hair cells during head movements (Miriam-Webster Incorporated 2014). When these crystals move into the semicircular canals, a false sense of movement occurs due to disruption of the fl… center of the paper… with the high success rate of clinical treatment for BPPV, there is still a 15% chance that the condition will return especially if associated with trauma. Ongoing counseling to prepare patients will reduce anxiety and help them adjust their lifestyle accordingly (Bhattacharyya et al. 2008, p. 74). For patients without musculoskeletal contraindications, vestibular rehabilitation therapy may be prescribed. This will include a series of head movement exercises to address dizziness; these help the patient adapt through continuous exposure to the stimulus. Physical therapists can also prescribe balance retraining exercises to restore balance, strength and coordination. Therapy usually continues for up to six weeks and includes exercises that the patient must complete at home to facilitate rehabilitation (Vestibular Disorders Association 2013, p.. 5).