This document outlines the details of the project entitled “Wireless Power Transmission”. It is the system to transmit electrical energy from source to load wirelessly using coils. Two coils are used, one at the sending end and another at the receiving end. This design is not the same as the wireless transmission of signals we use in cell phones. In this mode of transmission, electrical energy is transmitted in the form of magnetic rays. In this design, the first primary coil converts electrical energy in the form of magnetic beams on the drive side. Due to this flow will be produced. When the secondary coil interacts with this flux, an electromagnetic field (EMF) will be produced in the secondary coil. In this way the electricity will be transmitted without using wires. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an Original Essay Wireless power transmission (WPT) or wireless power transmission is the transmission of electrical energy from a power source to an electrical load, such as an electrical cable, electrical grid or a consumer device, without using of discrete man-made conductors. Wireless transmission is useful for powering electrical devices when interconnecting cables are inconvenient, dangerous, or not possible. This design is not the same as the wireless transmission of signals used in cell phones. In this mode of transmission, electrical energy is transmitted in the form of magnetic rays. Microwaves are harmful to humans and other living organisms, while magnetic rays are not harmful to any living organism. Here two objects having the same resonance frequency and in magnetic resonance tend to exchange energy, dissipating relatively little energy to the foreign objects out of resonance. Most residences and commercial buildings today are powered by alternating current (AC) from the electrical grid. Power stations generate AC electricity that is delivered to homes and businesses via high-voltage transmission lines and step-down transformers. Electricity enters the breaker box, then electrical wiring supplies power to the AC appliances and devices we use every day: lights, kitchen appliances, chargers, and so on. All components are standardized and in accordance with the electrical code. Any device rated for standard current and voltage will work in any of the millions of outlets across the country. Here a rope, there a rope. Most of our electrical devices come with AC power cords. One of the major problems in the power system is the losses that occur during the transmission and distribution of electrical energy. As demand increases, day by day, energy production increases and power loss also increases. Most power loss occurs during transmission and distribution. The percentage of power loss during transmission and distribution is approximately 26%. The main reason for power loss during transmission and distribution is the resistance of the cables used for the network.[1] The efficiency of power transmission can be improved to a certain level by using high-strength composite overhead conductors and underground cables using high-temperature superconducting resistance cables. But the transmission is still inefficient. According to the World Resources Institution (WRI), India's power grid has the most transmission and distribution losseshighest in the world, as much as 27%. Numbers published by various Indian government agencies put this figure at between 30% and 40% and above 40%. This is attributed to technical losses (network inefficiencies) and theft. Power transmission via cables is not possible everywhere and does not guarantee the portability of power-consuming devices or tools. [1]Power transmission efficiency can be increased by transmitting power wirelessly. The concept of wireless electricity is not new. In fact, it dates back to the 19th century, when Nikola Tesla used systems based on conduction instead of resonant magnetic fields to transfer energy wirelessly. Because the method was radiative, much of the energy was wasted.[2]Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) allows power to be delivered across an air gap, without the need for current-carrying wires. The WPT can provide power from an AC source to batteries or compatible devices without physical connectors or cables. The WPT can charge cell phones and tablets, drones, cars and even transportation. It may also be possible to wirelessly transmit energy collected by solar panels into space. The WPT was an exciting development in consumer electronics, replacing wired chargers. The 2017 Consumer Electronics Show will feature many devices that offer WPT. The concept of transferring power wirelessly, however, has been around since the late 1890s. Nikola Tesla was able to turn on electric light bulbs wirelessly in his Colorado Springs laboratory using electrodynamic induction (also known as resonant inductive coupling). Fig 1. An image from Tesla's patent for an "apparatus for the transmission of electrical energy", 1907. Three light bulbs positioned 60 feet (18 m) from the power source were lit and the demonstration documented. Tesla had big plans and hoped that his Long Island-based Wardenclyffe Tower would transmit electrical power wirelessly across the Atlantic Ocean. This never happened due to various difficulties, including funding and timing.[6] WPT uses fields created by charged particles to transport energy between transmitters and receivers across an air gap. The air gap is filled by converting the energy into a form that can travel through the air. The energy is converted into an oscillating field, transmitted into the air, and then converted into an electrical current that can be used by a receiver. Depending on the power and distance, energy can be transferred effectively via an electric field, a magnetic field, or electromagnetic (EM) waves such as radio waves, microwaves, or even light.[6]Wireless power transmission technologies use energy electricity variable over time. magnetic or electromagnetic fields. Wireless transmission is useful for powering electrical devices where interconnecting cables are inconvenient, dangerous, or not possible. Wireless power techniques mainly fall into two categories, non-radiative and radiative. In near-field or nonradiative techniques, power is transferred by magnetic fields using inductive coupling between coils of wire or by electric fields using capacitive coupling between metal electrodes. Inductive coupling is the most widely used wireless technology; Its applications include charging portable devices such as phones and electric toothbrushes, etc. [3]In 1826, Andre-Marie Ampere developed the circuit law of ampere which shows that electric current produces a magnetic field. [1, 4] In 1831, Michael Faraday developed Faraday's law of induction, describing the electromagnetic force induced in a conductor by a variable magnetic flux in thetime. [1, 4]In 1862, James Clerk Maxwell synthesized these and other observations, experiments, and equations of electricity, magnetism, and optics into a coherent theory, deriving Maxwell's equations. This set of partial differential equations forms the basis for wireless power transmission using electromagnetism induction methodology to be used. [1]Wireless power techniques mainly fall into two categories, non-radiative and radiative. In near-field or nonradiative techniques, power is transferred by magnetic fields using inductive coupling between coils of wire or by electric fields using capacitive coupling between metal electrodes. Inductive coupling is the most widely used wireless technology; its applications include charging portable devices such as phones and electric toothbrushes, RFID tags, and chargers for implantable medical devices such as artificial heart pacemakers or electric vehicles. [3]A. Far-field or radiative technique: In far-field or radiative techniques, also called power beaming, power is transferred using beams of electromagnetic radiation, such as microwaves or laser beams. These techniques can transport energy over longer distances but must be targeted at the receiver. Proposed applications for this type are solar-powered satellites and wirelessly powered drones. [3]B. Near-field (non-radiative) technique: At large relative distances, the near-field components of electric and magnetic fields are approximately quasi-static oscillating dipole fields. These fields decrease as the cube of the distance: (Drange/Dant) Since power is proportional to the square of the field strength, the transferred power decreases as (Drange/Dant) -6 or 60 dB per decade. In other words, if far apart, doubling the distance between the two antennas, the received power decreases by a factor of 26 = 64. Consequently, inductive and capacitive coupling can only be used for short-range power transfer, within a a few times the diameter of the Dant antenna device, unlike a radiative system where maximum radiation occurs when the dipole antennas are oriented transverse to the direction of propagation, with dipole fields the maximum coupling occurs when the dipoles are oriented longitudinally . [3]C. Qi charging, an open standard for wireless charging: While some of the companies promising WPT are still working to deliver products, Qi (pronounced "chee") charging is standardized and devices are currently available. The Wireless Power Consortium (WPC), founded in 2008, developed the Qi standard for battery charging. The standard supports both inductive and resonant charging technologies. Inductive charging involves energy passing between the transmitter and receiver coils at close range. Inductive systems require the coils to be very close and aligned with each other; devices are usually in direct contact with the charging pad. Resonant charging does not require careful alignment and chargers can detect and charge a device at distances up to 45mm; therefore, resonant chargers can be built into furniture or mounted on shelves. The presence of a Qi logo means that the device is registered and certified by the Wireless Power Consortium. When it was first introduced, Qi charging was low power, around 5W. The first smartphones using Qi charging were introduced in 2011. In 2015, Qi technology was expanded to include 15W, which allow for quick charging. The presence of the Qi logo indicates that the device is registered and certified by the Wireless Power Consortium. When it was first introduced, theQi charging was low power, around 5W. The first smartphones using Qi charging were introduced in 2011. In 2015, Qi was expanded to include 15W, which allows for fast charging. The problem discussed above can be solved by choosing an alternative option for power transmission that could provide much higher efficiency; low transmission costs and avoids energy theft. Wireless power transmission is one of the promising technologies and could be the right alternative for efficient power transmission. By using wireless power transmission you can achieve maximum efficiency for power transmission. The power losses that occur during transmission and distribution using conductors can be overcome to some extent, as well as the efficiency of wireless power transmission using the conduction-based technique can be increased using the resonant inductive coupling technique ( electrodynamic coupling, strongly coupled magnetic resonance) as we can see in fig. 1 is a form of inductive coupling in which power is transferred by magnetic fields between two resonant circuits (tuned circuits), one in the transmitter and one in the receiver. Each resonant circuit consists of a coil of wire connected to a capacitor, or a self-resonant coil or other resonator with internal capacitance. The two are tuned to resonate at the same resonant frequency. Resonance between coils can greatly increase coupling and power transfer, similar to the way a vibrating fork tuning can induce sympathetic vibrations in a distant fork tuned to the same pitch. The concept behind resonant inductive coupling is that high-Q-factor resonators exchange energy at a much higher rate than they lose energy due to internal damping. Therefore, using resonance, the same amount of power can be transferred over greater distances, using the much weaker magnetic fields in the peripheral regions ("tails") of the near fields (these are sometimes called evanescent fields. Resonant inductive coupling can achieve high efficiency at ranges from 4 to 10 times the coil diameter (Dant). This is called "medium range" transfer, in contrast to non-resonant "short range" inductive transfer, which can only achieve similar efficiencies. when the coils are adjacent. Another advantage is that resonant circuits interact with each other much more strongly than non-resonant objects that power losses due to absorption in neighboring objects are negligible transfer? general as the amount of power (in percentage) that is transferred from the power source to the receiving device, i.e. a wireless charging system for a smartphone with an efficiency of 80% means that 20% of the input power is lost between the wall socket and the smartphone battery. The formula for measuring operational efficiency is Efficiency=DC output power/DC input power. [5]Can energy be transmitted through materials other than air? YES. Energy can be transmitted wirelessly through almost any non-metallic material, including – but not limited to – solids such as wood, plastic, fabrics, glass and brick, as well as gases and liquids. When a metallic or electrically conductive material (e.g. carbon fiber) is placed near an electromagnetic field, the metallic object will absorb energy from the magnetic field and heat up as a result. This, in turn, affects the efficiency of the system due to power loss.