1. IntroductionCaesarean section is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in obstetrics [1-6]. Maternal mortality associated with the procedure is becoming rare due to improved anesthetic techniques, thromboprophylaxis and a wider choice of potent antibiotics [7]. However, women who have had a cesarean section may still experience some preventable morbidities, including urinary tract infections and difficulty urinating. Efforts to reduce the occurrence of these morbidities should be intensified to ensure that the postoperative recovery period is complication-free. One of the preoperative preparations for cesarean section is the placement of an indwelling urinary Foley catheter. The catheter is placed to decompress the bladder to improve visualization during the procedure and to facilitate development of the bladder flap; postoperatively it avoids the woman having to get out of bed to urinate or use a bedpan while she is still recovering from the effects of analgesia. Some studies have shown that the use of an indwelling urinary catheter during cesarean section was associated with an increased risk of urinary tract infections [1-11]. Furthermore, other studies have demonstrated a significant reduction in the rate of urinary tract infections in women who were not catheterized for cesarean section [2-5]. However, what is not known is whether the timing of urinary catheter removal after a cesarean section has a significant effect on the risk of developing urinary tract infections. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether immediate postoperative removal of the urinary catheter after elective cesarean section the risk of urinary tract infection was lower than removal after 6 hours... half of the paper... section of the area : a study. Nurs Stand 1996;10(37):34-7.[11] Paterson-Brown S. Should doctors perform an elective cesarean section on request? Yes, as long as the woman is fully informed. BMJ 1998;317(7156):462-3.[12] Cardozo L. Symptoms in urology. In: Cardozo L, Staskin D (eds). Manual of female urology and urogynecology. 2nd edition. Inform Healthcare; 2006, pp. 212-9.[13] Onile TG, Kuti O, Orji EO, Ogunniyi SO. A prospective randomized clinical trial of urethral catheter removal after elective cesarean section. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2008;102(3):267-70.[14] Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D, for the CONSORT group. CONSORT 2010 statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel-group randomized trials. BMJ 2010;340:c332.[15] Kerr-Wilson RH, McNally S. Bladder drainage for cesarean section under epidural analgesia. Br. J Obstet Gynaecol 1986;93(1):28-30.