Is the history of slavery repeating itself? How is it possible that the issue of modern slavery, like human trafficking, goes unnoticed? Many people may think that slavery is a thing of the past. Indeed, colonial-era slavery has morphed into modern-day slavery, widely known as human trafficking. The Thirteenth Amendment succeeded in openly abolishing slavery. However, the concept of slavery has become a global underground issue in 21st century society, just as after the civil rights movements, racism was thought to be over but became modern racism. According to the International Labor Organization (2007), “nearly 21 million people are victims of forced labor [and of these] 11.4 million are women and girls and 9.5 million are men and boys”. The U.S. State Department estimates that approximately 800,000 people are trafficked across international borders each year. Incessant modern slavery takes various forms and human rights violations such as the practice of child labor, forced labor, human trafficking and forced migrant labor. Healey (2014) writes that “contemporary slavery is similar to Noel's hypothesis: the motivation is provided by the desire for profit, and the populations from which the slaves are taken are relatively powerless and do not have the resources to defend themselves.” The Noel hypothesis sheds light on the dynamics of slavery in the United States and how the United States becomes the popular destination for trafficking victims. Human trafficking is one of the fastest growing and second largest criminal businesses internationally. The International Labor Organization (2007) estimates that traffickers generate approximately $150 billion annually by exploiting men, women and children for labor or prostitution. However, these……. particularly the African American group. The concept of modern slavery is much broader; in fact, it extends across the globe in many different forms. Trafficking is a global problem and presumably always will be. It's been around for quite some time and you can only tell when it will end. Despite the fact that there may never be an end to human trafficking, learning is critical, and individuals who cooperate to combat human trafficking can save lives. Healey (2014) concludes that “modern versions are involuntary, coercive, and maintained by force of violence.” Slavery does not repeat itself but reaches the secret world of human trafficking.