Challenges in addressing gender inequality in Cambodia Attention to gender equality at all levels and in all sectors of policy has become a global concern in modern period. Recognition of gender equality has been demonstrated internationally by the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), followed by the Beijing Declaration on the Platform for Action (BPfA), adopted in Fourth World Conference on Women (FWCW). The global framework has been contextualized to address the issue of gender inequality with the emergence of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Fundamentally proven, the third principle of the MDGs aims to address gender inequality on a global scale (Kasumi, 2011). In attachment to this, the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) has formulated the Cambodian Millennium Development Goals (CMDG) with the combination of other national, civil society and private sector instruments for the promotion of gender equality in Cambodia (JICA, 2007 and Kasumi, 2011). .Many national institutions and mechanisms have been established under the aegis of RGC. As the relevant ministry, the Ministry of Women's Affairs, established in 1996, is responsible in particular for the interests of women. Low-level administrations under this ministry are also tasked with addressing gender discrimination (JICA, 2007 and GAD/C et al., 2009). Drawing inspiration from the 1993 Constitution and CEDAW, the Ministry of Women's Affairs has influenced major development plans, including the Rectangular Strategy for Growth, Jobs, Equity and Efficiency and the National Strategic Development Plan . The fruitful outcome is Neary Rattank, a legal strategic plan, which serves as the main mechanism specifically focusing on gender equality in society...... amidst paper resources, high cost of education ( Gorman, Pon & Sok , 1999 & Kasumi, 2011) and households' demand for labor (Kasumi, 2011). Furthermore, in the sphere of society, the traditional thinking of conservative people mentally influences the roles and responsibilities of women. The Female Code of Conduct, for example, together with the predominance of social, traditional and cultural norms and values ​​of Cambodian identity is still structured in society (Kasumi, 2011). Although legal national policies and legislations are adopted by the RGC, the implementation and enforcement mechanisms are not powerful enough to support women and prevent them from gender-related violence. Extrajudicial punishment by employers and sexual abuse by male owners (GAD/C et al., 2009) are a major concern, while perpetrators are rarely punished by law (Kasumi, 2011).