19. Learning Outcomes Powerful statements that describe a specific student's behaviors. These behaviors are evidence of the acquisition of desired knowledge, skills, abilities, attitudes, or dispositions. Learning outcomes can usefully be considered as behavioral criteria for determining whether students are achieving the educational objectives of a program. These results ultimately determine whether the overall objectives of the program are successfully achieved. 20. Learning Standards Learning standards are short written descriptions of what students are expected to know and be able to do at a specific stage in their education. They describe instructional objectives, such as what students should have learned by the end of a course, grade level, or grade range, but do not describe any particular instructional practices (curriculum or assessments that should be used). 21. Materials-Based Assessment Students are assessed on the basis of projects. They are evaluated on the materials they used and how clearly they answered what they needed in the project. 22.