Topic > Keeping patients safe by reducing accidental falls

Maintaining patient safety is one of the top priorities in healthcare. Accidental falls can cause unnecessary pain and suffering, increase mortality and morbidity, and increase costs and length of hospital stay. “A fall is conceptualized as the involuntary landing on the ground, floor, or other lower level.” If the patient lost his balance and was lowered to the ground by a rescuer or was found on the ground, both the attended and unattended situations are considered a fall” (Tzeng & Yin, 2010, p. 267). Patients admitted to psychiatric facilities are often at high risk for falls related to many factors including worsening mental status, acute psychosis, and antipsychotic medications. “Studies evaluating fall rates in hospital settings have demonstrated a higher frequency of falls in psychiatric units” (Lavsa, Fabian, Saul, Corman, & Coley, 2010, p. 1274). Due to the high risk factors associated with this population, the behavioral health services department I work for has implemented a falls prevention program using an evidence-based practice. PICOT Question Which nursing interventions are most likely to reduce the number of patient falls and associated injuries per month in behavioral health services? To find the right evidence to answer a focused featured question, it is advisable to formulate a PICOT question to assist in your search. A PICOT question is formulated by including the target population, the intervention or issue of interest, the comparison, the outcome of the intervention, and the time frame associated with the outcome (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2011, p. 29) . To help find the latest evidence-based practice to incorporate into your falls prevention program in the Department of Behavioral Health the following PICOT......half of the document......or the hospital to see if changes and improvements can be adapted to existing policy. To evaluate the fall prevention program, the BHS unit keeps a daily fall log to indicate if a fall has occurred on the unit. This calendar is colorful and displayed in the nurse's station to remind all staff to pay attention to fall prevention. Based on these statistics, the fall prevention team can analyze whether the program has reduced the number of monthly and even annual falls compared to last year's results. Based on the review of previous falls, statistics indicate that falls and patient injuries decreased compared to the previous year by 10%. Using evidence-based practice and synthesis of internal and external evidence, the falls prevention program has been proven effective and results in increased patient safety and improved overall patient outcomes..