In January 2016, Volkswagen engineer named James Robert Liang pleaded guilty to fraud in the United States. He helped develop a special type of engine called “clean diesel” that was used to cheat car emissions tests. The engine was designed using software to detect when the emissions test was being performed and switch the engine to a low emissions mode. While in practice, these Volkswagen cars could produce forty times the amount of pollution recommended by US emissions. One of the driving reasons for the decision was that they were unable to design an engine that met US emissions standards while also satisfying their customers. As a result, Volkswagen has agreed to pay $15.3 billion in civil penalties and allow Volkswagen customers to purchase. According to Kant's theory, this desire to commit fraud is definitely not a good universal maxim. If fraud were universally accepted in this world, communication and interaction between people would collapse. Furthermore, judging from his decision, it appears that Liang treats Volkswagen customers as a mere means to an end rather than an end in itself. Liang didn't care about the customers' health, he only focused on whether they were someone who would buy the car. Furthermore, in Kant's theory, the principle of autonomy is also important. It focuses on the idea that we should act according to principles that express the autonomy of rational will, meaning that we should act according to our own moral law rather than according to the law created by other people. This example would be really suitable as an example for engineers following Liang's instructions. If software engineers believe it is immorally wrong to commit fraud but do it anyway, it is unethical in Kant's theory of autonomy since they are not acting according to their own morals.