S.Tengblad begins by pointing out that there have been major technological changes since the twentieth century, a period marked as the era of "system rationalism" (S.Tengblad, 2006, p . 1439). This is a period when managers were expected to use technical IT skills in management areas such as “planning and forecasting for efficient and effective functioning of the organization” (S.Tengblad 2006, p.1439). Secondly, Mintzberg states in his book "Nature of Managerial Work" that there is little room for the manager to deviate from the normal routine due to the nature of managerial work itself. This notion has been rejected by S.Tengblad and other authors because in the twentieth century other factors such as "technology, globalization and increased competitive pressure" (S.Tengblad 2006), have revolutionized the nature of managerial work and have made more complex. Third, Mintzberg's research did not take into account that the nature of managerial work might be influenced by the culture and geographic location of the organization and the people themselves. Mintzberg's book "Nature of Managerial Work" was published based solely on where the research was conducted in the United States and popular culture. S. Tengblad compares the nature of the managerial role in the United States, England and Sweden and notes that Sweden differs in both respects.