This is known as the Reconstruction Era. When federal troops withdrew from the territory, it was once again left in the hands of white rule. This led to a series of laws intended to once again create a clear separation between whites and blacks, taking away most of the rights afforded to blacks during the Reconstruction era. This set of laws is called “Jim Crow”. Although seemingly strict and comprehensive, Jim Crow laws did not take into account all the discrimination faced by blacks. Unwritten rules excluded blacks from white jobs in New York and kept them out of white shops in Los Angeles. Humiliation was the best treatment blacks who broke such rules could hope for. Groups like the Ku Klux Klan, resurrected in 1915, used venom and violence to keep blacks “in their place” (crfusa.org). This type of hatred and discontent for blacks thrived during World War I. Although more than 360,000 black men served in the United States military during the war, a major and major race riot in Chicago, among 24 others across the country, is what they returned. Black veterans were lynched in uniform by white mobs. In 1909, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was founded and gave black people a voice and a way to fight back. Although they gained support from both blacks and whites, little changed the “efficiency” of segregation for the next 30 years. In 1944, a Swede visiting the South declared that segregation was so complete that whites did not see blacks except when they were served by them (crf-usa.org). It wasn't until World War II, when a larger, more sinister enemy embodied the same Jim Crow ideals to create a "master race." It was in Hitler's presence that shocked UN delegates wrote home about Hitler's atrocious practices