In the 19th century, the political climate could be closely related to a teeth-gritting earthquake or a tremendous volcanic eruption. As Europe transitioned into Romanticism, socialists and classical liberals began to emerge from across Europe with many different ideas. In America, slavery and social reform were a hotbed of debate sparking much controversy, one of which nearly led to the secession of South Carolina. No one other than Charles Fourier, Alexis de Tocqueville, and John C. Calhoun better represented the potent cocktail of various social ideas and political theory of the 19th century. These three were unique in their ideas and have an impactful legacy. Charles Fourier was a utopian socialist according to Karl Marx. Fourier was one of the first known utopian socialists to discover that, although industry could produce wealth, its methods of work were alienating. Fourier proposed that the work be done in what he called the phalanx; this means that the work was distributed in a rational and rotational way. Many of these phalanxes were established in the United States, although none were successful for long. The idea, however, gained traction in the establishment of the Kibbutz among the Zionist settlers in Palestine. Fourier thought that within a few years the entire world could be organized into these Phalanxes. As unlikely as it may seem, Fourier wrote many books about an idea that still fascinates us today. Fourier vehemently believed that a divine social order must be created on Earth to organize the social and domestic relations of the human race, “Freedom, if not enjoyed by all, is unreal and illusory.” Charles Fourier dominated the first quarter of the 19th century as Europe underwent a shift towards R...... middle of paper ...... The visionary and his world. University of California Press. 1986, pp. 195-196.Internet History Sourcebooks." Internet History Sourcebooks. Np, nd Web. November 18, 2013.Peter Kropotkin. The Conquest of Bread. New York and London, Putnam, 1906.Siedentop, L. (1994). Tocqueville, New York: Oxford University Press. Manent, P. (1996). ; Yale Biographical Dictionary of American Law; Grand Triumvirate: Webster, Clay and Calhoun (1987)