Chapter 1: Regions of Canada describes regionalism and how it divides countries, particularly Canada, naturally into six regions: British Columbia, Western Canada, Territorial North, Ontario, Quebec and Atlantic Canada. These regions were divided to correlate “similar spaces” in human and physical geography (Bone, p.6) along with the historical development of Canada. The second key feature of Chapter 1 describes Canada's fault lines and their effects on Canada's regional divide. There are four fault lines within Canada that reciprocate tensions that are mostly resolved by being “soft” through negotiation and discussion (according to John Ralston Saul, Bone, p. 10). Bone places a great deal of attention on these fault lines, which include: centralist/decentralist, Aboriginal/non-Aboriginal, French-English Canadians, and newcomers/old-timers. “Canada's heterogeneous nature often forms the basis of regional disputes” (Bone, p. 11) particularly the centralist/decentralist fault line. Anglophone/French Canadians focus on Quebec and sovereignty, while the Aboriginal/non-Aboriginal fault line deals with land claims, settlements, and colonized peoples. Newcomers/veterans refer to the immigrants and settlers of Canada. The core/periphery model is a key concept that is commonly referenced throughout the text. It describes the center as a concentration of power/wealth/population, with the periphery/hinterland as a weakly developed, resource-based area. Chapter 2: The Physical Foundation of Canada emphasizes the reasoning that its physical geography attributes to its regional geography, along with the population distribution and development of the central regions. This chapter outlines the major geological structures, landforms, climate, and impacts on humanity, language, and religion that make up the human face of Canada, but also addresses how cultural adaptation will continue with the risk losing the main traditions of Canada. Fault lines come into perspective again within demographic issues, particularly with newcomers/old-timers, expanding Aboriginal populations, and the French/English language. The centre/periphery model is also represented. The end of the chapter also focuses on the economic face of Canada, addressing tensions within the global economy and its heavy dependence on US markets (Bone, 169), especially with the stimulating global recession. Canada's economic structure is based on the relative share of activity in the primary (extraction of natural resources), secondary (assembly of raw materials), tertiary (sale/trade of goods and services), and quaternary (decision making) sectors of the economy ( Bone, 166).
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