2010, p.1070). Data to measure neighborhood level were taken from the Philadelphia Health Management Corporation (PHMC). In this study, Grunwald, Lockwood, Harris, and Mennis examined 45 neighborhoods located in one city. The sample size used was 7,061 male juvenile offenders. Of the 7,061, 36% were on parole. Grunwald, Lockwood, Harris, and Mennis measured recidivism, individual-level predictors, neighborhood disadvantage, and social capital to see what influences youth recidivism. In this study, Grunwald, Lockwood, Harris, and Mennis (2010) used four different youth recidivism outcomes to measure recidivism rates among youth. One outcome measured new crimes and specific crimes related to property, drugs or violence. When Grunwald and his team measured recidivism