Traditionally, education has lagged behind other sectors in terms of innovation and accountability. This axiom, evident in casual observation and corroborated by formal research efforts, has stigmatized professional educators as teachers, principles, and superintendents for decades. Albeit slowly, over the past 25 years, major and radical changes have affected the educational consortium and, more specifically, the way administrators supervise and evaluate; this epochal change that occurred in the quarter of a century can be traced back to the “A Nation at Risk” report. Published in 1983 by the National Commission for Excellence in Education, the authors of “A Nation at Risk” used blunt language to urge support for standards-based teaching and assessment. Under the umbrella of learning standards, the report suggests an unprecedented increase in educational accountability. In many ways, “A Nation at Risk,” by advocating high academic expectations and accountability for all stakeholders in American education, was a precursor to the Massachusetts Education Reform Act of 1993. “A Nation at Risk” also laid the groundwork for dramatic changes in direction. Although well over a decade has passed since the publication of “A Nation at Risk,” the Education Reform Act codified the standards movement in Massachusetts, introducing charter schools, curricular structures, and highly prescribed standardized tests (the Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System ) in Massachusetts public schools. According to the Massachusetts Department of Education (DOE), the Education Reform Act also expanded professional development expectations, the role of principals, and the Massachusetts Test for Educator Licensure (D... ... half of the article ...... both questions above are a resounding no. Works Cited Aseltine, James M., Faryniarz, Judith O. and Rigazio-DiGilio, Anthony J. (2006). teacher development and school improvement. Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Glickman, Carl D. (2002: Leadership for Learning: How to Help Teachers Succeed). curriculum development. Massachusetts Department of Education (2007). Retrieved June 3, 2007, from http://www.doe.mass.edu/edreform.National Commission on Excellence in Education (1983. Retrieved June 2, 2007, from). http://).www.ed.gov/pubs/NatAtRisk/index.html.Tucker, Pamela D. & Stronge, James H. (2005). Linking teacher evaluation and student learning. Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.