The two-century period of Egypt's modern state history encompasses a series of extraordinary events that shaped both the country's past and future. Over the course of these two hundred years, Egypt saw its declaration as Khedievate by the then Wali of Egypt, Muhammad Ali Pasha. It later fell to British occupation, after its patron, the Ottoman Empire, sided with the Central Powers. Under the British, Egypt was proclaimed a sultanate. However, its life as a sultanate did not last long, due to anti-British sentiments among its people. Fearing a mass uprising, the British decided to grant Egypt its independence in 1922, thus proclaiming the Kingdom of Egypt, with Sarwat Pasha as its first Prime Minister. Although de jure an independent state, much of Egypt's domestic and foreign affairs remained under the direct control of the British. This led to the revolution of 1952, which overthrew the king, abolished the monarchy and established the Egyptian Republic, which has survived to this day. The Republican period was also not worthy of praise. With all its presidents coming from a military background except the last one, Egypt has received a small share of social justice and human rights. It experienced dramatic changes in its foreign policy orientation, with immediate movements turning its head from the USSR to the United States. Just when it seemed that the country had finally begun to move towards a democratic society based on the rule of law, the military struck again, ousting the first Egyptian president ever to take office by popular democratic vote. This period ranges from the presidency of Muhammad Ali Pasha declaration of the Khedievate of Egypt in 1805, until the Revolution of 1952 which abolished t...... middle of paper ...... against the Muslim Brotherhood. In the 1970s it emerged that the plot had probably been engineered by the security services as part of a conflict between different factions within the regime. Works Cited http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khedivate_of_Egypt http://www.bbc .com/news/world-africa-13315719 http://books.google.mk/books?hl=en&lr=&id= xhpfWRp-BL0C&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=%22history+of+modern+ Egypt%22&ots=lAGhH2nbwg&sig=Hxd9a3G29aqXOHBVQdLReKP2ARM &redir_esc =y#v=onepage&q=%22history%20of%20modern%20 Egypt%22&f=false http://books .google. mk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=WrbCziCWJPEC&oi=fnd&pg=PP5&dq=%22history+of+modern+ egypt%22&ots=mx_Hf5mPbp&sig=_z6mcgvvTrW3bLfzw3tmjSYvkbI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22history%20of %20modern%20egyptian%22&f=false http: //www.huffingtonpost.com/wadah-khanfar/ Egypt-military-coup_b_36 47871.htmlhttp:// www.historylearningsite.co.uk/gamal_abdel_nasser.htm