This event marked attendance in all nations; nonviolent direct action groups such as the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), made up of African-American clergy, and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) were then created. In 1961, the Congress on Racial Equality (CORE) began sending student volunteers on bus trips to test enforcement of new laws banning discrimination on interstates. They were known as "Freedom rides" and one of the first two groups encountered its first problem two weeks later when a mob in Alabama set fire to the ride bus, but the program continues in which 1,000 volunteers, black and white, participated. as Freedom Riders; as a result, it became a means of interstate travel in the South. April 12, 1963 Martin Luther King Jr. and Ralph Abernathy are arrested and go to jail in Birmingham during the protest, King then writes his letter from a Birmingham jail. That same year, the March for Jobs and Freedom also known as the “March on Washington” in 1963 saw more than 200,000 people gather in the nation's capital to demonstrate their commitment to equality for all. On the same day, Martin Luther King gave his famous “I have a dream” speech. On July 2, 1964, the Civil Rights Act was enacted 1964