Development of Caste, Social Class and Cultural IdentityIn psychology, identity formation is seen as a process of developing one's individuality, in which an individual develops a distinct personality, involves a sense of uniqueness and affiliation. It's how a person defines themselves. According to Erikson's theory, identity development typically occurs during adolescence and early adulthood. A person's identity can be related to different aspects such as language, caste, culture, religion, social class, race, gender, sexuality, occupation and family. Cultural identity refers to the sense of belonging to one's cultural or ethnic group. It is a collective phenomenon. Here the person shares some common characteristics with members of his cultural group, identifies with the values and beliefs of the cultural group. There are stages of cultural identity development provided by James Bank (1976, 2004). They are as follows: Phase 1: Ethnic Psychological Captivity: The person has monocultural experiences. He/she identifies with stereotypes, ideologies and negative beliefs about his/her cultural/ethnic group. This can lead to low self-esteem and cultural self-rejection. They may feel ashamed of their membership in a specific group and react in ways such as avoiding situations that involve interaction with other groups or seeking to establish contact with other cultural groups for assimilation. Stage 2: Ethnic Encapsulation: People have a defensive attitude towards their own ethnic group. They believe their group is superior to others and participate exclusively within their own ethnic group. Phase 3: Clarification of ethnic identity: Here people begin to have a positive attitude towards their ethnic group. Cultural pride is genuine at this stage. They clarify...... at the heart of the document... Dalits who have risen to the highest levels are former Indian President KRNarayanan, Dr Jagjivan Ram, former Chief Justice of India KGBalakrishnan and former Prime Uttar Pradesh minister Ms. Mayawati, among others. Despite all these efforts, atrocities and abuse of benefits still continue in many parts. Therefore people on a large scale need to be educated about their rights and duties, motivated for further development and positive contribution to the society and nation. Furthermore, we need to introduce further attitude change among people of all strata (caste/class) so that they can be more accepting and tolerant. This will help bring inclusive development in the society with mutual respect. This is particularly relevant in the current context of globalization and liberalization, where we are moving towards becoming global citizens.
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