Gardner et al., (2014) explains that understanding and using process and outcome data can prevent the occurrence of adverse events by providing information on previous clinical situations and assisting the implementation of change and training strategies. The use of process and outcome data requires clinicians to collect, analyze, and interpret data, followed by interpretation of outcomes (Sidani & Doran 2010). This process can lead to necessary changes in treatment protocols and nursing interventions, which can in turn improve the quality and safety of care provided to consumers (Donabedian,