Scope and inclinationThe purpose of JAAL is primarily focused on helping educators promote and improve literacy inside and outside of school. Literacy includes reading and writing, which would explain why JAAL contains articles on both components of literacy, although they are more focused on reading than writing. There are defined models, such as digital literacy, multicultural education and student-centered learning. The models derive from “hot topics” in literacy education. JAAL appears to publish articles related to those topics in which educators and the public have an interest. JAAL appears to follow the political ideologies of the IRA as does its current publisher. Bean and Harper firmly state that they “believe that teaching literacy in these times means addressing change and the politics of institutional change, which speaks to the need for critical policy analysis” (Bean and Harper 5). Biases and biases seem to creep in throughout the journal. For example, in Goodson's farewell editorial, he alludes to education reform changing our view of “failing” students, stating that “We have decided to force [failing students] to join the middle class, which [ they] want it or not” ( Goodson 626).JAAL also published articles that were staunchly opposed to education policy and high-stakes assessment such as No Child Left Behind, such as “No Child Left Behind: What It Means for U.S. Adolescents and What Can We Do About It” by Conley and Hinchman in which they discuss issues and questions raised about No Child Left Behind (NCLB) and how some aspects of the program may be harmful (47). Dennis's article, another article criticizing high-stakes assessments, states that big government assessment categories fall in the middle of the paper......g Reader to Struggling Reader: Responses from School Students above a Tutoring program for all ages. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy. . 49.5 (2006). 378-396. Print.Ranker, Jason. “Making Meaning on the Screen: Digital Video Production on the Dominican Republic.” Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy. 51.5 (2008). 410-422. Print.Taylor, Donna Lester. “'Not just boring stories'” Reconsidering the gender gap for kids. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy. 48.4 (2005). 290-298. Print.White-Kaulaity. “Reflections on Native American Reading: A Seed, a Tool, and a Weapon.” Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy. 50.7 (2007). 560-569. Print.Wissman, Kelly K. “'Making a Way': Young Women Using Literacy and Language to Resist the Politics of Silence.” Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy. 51.4 (2007/2008). 340-349. Press.