In his “Philosophical Explanations,” Robert Nozick produced his own theory of tracking knowledge. This externalist theory is used to explain how through truth tracing we can gain knowledge. He states that what we use to know the truth is method. But Nozick denies the importance of methods in his theory, to the point that he does not even believe that it is necessary to know what the method is. Nozick instead allows us to use any method we want, as long as we only use one. But not all methods are reliable, and therefore do not allow them to be justified. As such, Nozick's theory fails as it does not limit the methods that can be used, which means that if we follow the theory we will not necessarily gain knowledge but only true belief. Knowledge tracking theory has four phases. The first step is for a proposition to be true. The second step is for someone to believe the proposal. He claims that a connection between truth and belief serves as justification. This connection is steps three and four. The third step is that if the proposition is false, someone will not believe it. While step four states that if the proposition is true, then someone will believe it. An additional fifth step is added later in the text which states that we must use only one method when gaining knowledge since the two or more methods may contradict each other and not allow us to have adequate knowledge of the topic. After seeing Nozick's tracking In theory, we can conclude that Nozick doesn't care what method is used. This is demonstrated by the fact that Nozick makes no mention of any limitations. In fact, Nozick claims that we don't even have to know which method is being used. This makes sense since it is an externalist theory and externalism states that… halfway through the article… the theory already allows for knowledge. This does not follow since we are not justified in taking the first step without an adequate method. The first step is necessary to justify the three and four, you are not justified in holding either the three or the four as both require us to have a justified first step. Therefore the passages do not allow for complete justification. When the premise is added, Nozick's theory must become an internalist theory. Internalism holds that our methods are known to us. This way we can be sure that we are justified in our knowledge since we know what methods are used. In this way we are able to ensure that we are justified when using the theory since we need to know what our method is and as such know whether it is reliable or not. So, by adding this internalist premise, Nozick's tracking theory will always allow us to have justification and therefore knowledge.
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