Topic > Differences between absolute, relative and subjective...

Context of the study Poverty is the lack of basic necessities such as basic food, shelter, medical care and security that are generally considered necessary for the human being (Bradshaw, 2006). Poverty occurs when people have unreasonably low standards of living compared to others and experience difficulties in everyday life (McClelland, 2000). The measure of poverty is the "risk of poverty threshold" which derives from the net disposable family income which includes the income of all family members net of taxes and social contributions, divided by the weighted factor of all family members , called “net equivalent disposable household income” (Buttler, 2013). The poverty line is the minimum acceptable standard of well-being indicator that separates the poor from the non-poor (Albert and Collado, 2004). If family income falls below a specific income level, the family is defined as poor (van Praag and Ferrer-i-Carbonell, 2005). But poverty still remains a complex and multidimensional phenomenon (Santarelli, 2013). As Makoka and Kaplan (2005) stated, poverty is determined in different ways by different institutions and poverty indicators also differ. Hagenaars and De vos (1998) divided the definition of poverty into three categories: absolute definitions, relative definitions and subjective definition. Absolute poverty refers to subsistence below minimum socially acceptable living conditions, usually established on the basis of nutritional requirements and other essential goods; relative poverty compares the lower segments of a population with the higher segments, usually measured in income quintiles or deciles (Lok-Dessallien, 2000). And subjective poverty which is defined by examining who people consider poor ( Eszter, 2011 ). Mor...... half of the paper ......ition Marks (2005) in his book Income Poverty, Subjective Poverty and Financial Stress for the Department of Family and Community Services that subjective poverty is a prospective approach about how people see themselves. The World Bank (2005) institute is based on asking people what level of minimum income is most necessary to make ends meet. Conceptual Framework The conceptual framework is presented in Figure 1. The main variables are subjective poverty and contingent financing. These have indicators which are Family size. According to Orbeta (2006) in his study Empirical Overview of the Relationships of Family Size, Poverty and Vulnerability to Poverty shows that there is a clear indication that poverty worsens when moving from smaller family size to larger family size or poverty increases as family size increases; indeed, a larger family size reduces family savings