Although the Republican Party was founded on pro-minority ideals and continued to have minority support, its reputation quickly began to change. Wagner (2007) states that during the late 1800s and early 1900s, Republican support weakened among the working class. Furthermore, many Americans, including a sizable number of Republicans, believed that American society had lost its moral fiber. As a result of these factors, many Republicans became affiliated with the Progressive Movement, a reform movement designed to help the working class achieve better working conditions in the form of religious fundamentalism. During the Progressive Era, the Republican Party split into two groups: those Republicans primarily interested in reforming America and those Republicans still pro-business. This split allowed the Democratic Party to gain control of the presidency between 1913 and 1921. The primary reason the Republicans did not maintain control of the presidency during the 1930s was the Great Depression. The American people have blamed Republican presidents for causing this economic downturn and chastised the government for not responding more quickly to the people's needs. These complaints particularly hurt the minority vote and led it to favor the Democratic Party. Therefore, a majority of racial minorities voted for Democratic presidential candidate Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1932 election who created various government programs to support racial minorities. During the 1940s and 1950s more moderate Republicans took control of the party. Although President Eisenhower lobbied for equal rights for women and ethnic groups from 1953 to 1961, Republican Senator Joseph McCarthy gained power and influence. Although Democrats were in the majority in the House of Representatives with 259 members to 176 Republicans, nearly as many Republicans voted for the civil rights bill as Democrats in the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The final vote was 290 in favor and 130 against, while 152 were Republicans. were Democrats and 138 Republicans (meaning three-quarters of those who voted against the bill were Democrats). Another example was when Lyndon Johnson opposed civil rights legislation while in Congress, but as president he tried to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. He argues that neither would have passed without strong support from congressional Republicans (149-161). The above evidence demonstrates that not only is the Republican Party misaligned with its pro-minority ideals, but that the Democratic Party has influenced the Republican Party's negative reputation..