Traditional African art plays an important role in African society. Most ceremonies and activities cannot function without visual art. Such ceremonies include singing, dancing, storytelling, spiritual dreams and relationships with the opposite sex. According to James Stephenson, “art is a way of expressing confidence in your own words… designed to create a symbol that is brought out of you.” He believes that art or literature should illustrate the lifestyles or problems of a certain group of people. In the book Language of the Land, James Stephenson talks about the Hadzabe tribe. James Stephenson uses many artistic or literary glimpses to portray African art. There are three fundamental themes of African art. The first is the realism among the bush people. Most African tribes, especially the Hadzabe, embellish details when telling stories. This embellishment is done to create the atmosphere of the story. For example, when Jemsi is at Mama Ramadan, she describes the cowgirl as a “superstar who flies spaceships filled with thousands of male lovers” (Language of the Land p.67). Then some of the other Hadzabe say, "the cowgirl was their girl" (Language of the Land p.67). When Jemsi says she's making it up, all the Hadzabe start telling their exaggerated stories. This shows that their art of telling stories involves your mind, your feelings and your body. Another similar example of how Jemsi captures the minds of the Hadzabe is when he talks about “the bear… his claws are as big as Sitoti's arms, he is as fast as the lion. It can cut down trees with its claws, hunts and eats men. Sometimes he will come to the camp and sleep next to you. So if you wake up and move; he will kill you, or go jiggi-jiggi with you” (Language of the Land page 117). This just goes to show how naive the tribe members are to each other's stories. This type of visual or spoken art describes the ability of Africans to express the idea to the extreme. The second theme of African art is problematic relations between the sexes. The Hadzabe are shown as the type of people who would use harmless devices to address problems and issues regarding gender relations. For example, when Sitoti told one of his stories about how he scared Swahili girls by "advancing like a slow-moving crocodile... [and leaping] towards the women who were washing their clothes" (Language of the Land pg.
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